Assignment physics Electric charge Electric charge , basic property of  matter  carried by some elementary particles. Electric charge, which can be positive or negative, occurs in discrete natural units and is neither created nor destroyed . Many fundamental, or subatomic, particles of matter have the property of  electric charge . For  example ,   Electrons have negative  charge   Protons have positive  charge , but Neutrons have zero  charge History of charge: In the 18th century , Ø Benjamin Franklin   in America tried experiments with  charges . It was Franklin who named the two kinds of electricity 'positive' and 'negative' . He even collected electric  charges  from thunderstorm clouds through wet string from a kite. Ø Franklin was an advocate of a ‘single fluid’ model of electric charge. An object with an excess of fluid would have one charge; an object with a deficit of fluid...

Lecture No# 1 Operational Research It is a scientific approach to determine the optimum solution to a decision problem under the restriction of limited resources using the mathematical techniques to model analyze and solve the problem. OR Operational Research (O.R) is an art of wining wars without actual fighting. (Arthur Clark) OR It is a scientific approach to problem solving for executive achievement. (H.M Wagner) History of Operational Research O.R came into existence during world war two when the British and American military management called upon a group of scientist with diverse.   Educational Background namely Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Psychology etc. to develop and apply scientific approach to deal with the strategic and technical problem of various military operations. The object was to allocate scare resources in an effective manner to various military operations and to the activities within each operation. The name O.R came directly f...